Dr. med. Wilhelm Wolfson
- Graudenz, Westprussia, today Grudziądz, Poland, 26.10.1875
- Rom, Italy, 20.06.1936
- Member since 1930
- Hamburg
- general practitioner
On October 26, 1875, the third son of the merchant Leopold Wolfsohn and his wife Rosalie, née Stein, was born in Graudenz/West Prussia (today: Grudziądz, Poland) and registered in the birth register as William Wolfsohn. His parents were Jewish. He attended high school in Bromberg (today Bydgoszcz, Poland) and Graudenz. He received his certificate of maturity in 1894.
Education and place of work
William Wolfsohn studied medicine at the universities of Breslau, Berlin, Königsberg, Munich and Freiburg i. Breisgau, where he received his license to practice medicine on March 28, 1899. At the Munich University Children’s Hospital, he wrote his dissertation under Prof. Dr. Heinrich von Ranke on the subject of “Melaena neonatorum” and completed his doctoral examination in 1900 at the University of Leipzig. In his CV attached to his dissertation, he introduces himself as “Wilhelm Wolfsohn”. He fulfilled his military service in 1896 and as a junior doctor from April to November 1899. In the military records he was listed as “William Wolfson”.
At the beginning of 1900 Wolfsohn signed in as a ship’s doctor at the North German Lloyd in Bremen.
For over a year he worked as a physician on various emigrant ships from Bremen to New York, South America and Australia. As a rule, one doctor was responsible for up to 2000 passengers and crew members. The most common illnesses during these voyages were seasickness, gastrointestinal diseases, infections (measles, scarlet fever, smallpox etc.) and injuries. Above all, the cramped accommodation conditions of the steerage passengers predestined for a very fast spread of infectious diseases. The most important medical activity was carrying out vaccinations as well as promptly recognizing infectious diseases and initiating quarantine measures.
In the 1901 Imperial Medical Calendar, Wolfson (surname changed since then) is listed as a doctor on the steamer “Karlsruhe”.
Wolfson then went to the Beelitz Lung Sanatorium as an assistant doctor. The significantly increasing number of patients with lung diseases requiring medical treatment had prompted the LVA Berlin to have a special clinic built in Beelitz, which was inaugurated in 1902. Wolfson received his further training in Bad Nauheim under Prof. Dr. Theodor Schott, who was considered a luminary for heart diseases.
Dr. Wilhelm Wolfson has been registered in the Hamburg Medical Register since 1905 as a general practitioner in Hamburg-Winterhude. With this step, he applied for an official change of his first and last name in 1906, but this was rejected (in Breslau/today: Wrozlaw, Poland). On March 21, 1906, he converted to the Protestant faith.
His Brother Max and several cousins with families were now living in Hamburg. Max Wolfsohn, a pharmacist, acquired the “Zum Ritter St. Georg” pharmacy in 1907. His cousin Arthur Wolfsohn was a pharmacist on Spaldingstrasse, and his cousin Leo Wolfsohn was a sugar merchant in Hamburg. Wilhelm Wolfson did not marry. He renounced his Prussian citizenship in 1913 in favor of Hamburg citizenship.
A further application for an official name change was partially successful in 1914. In a detailed exchange of letters, Wolfson’s lawyer justified his client’s request by saying that he had been called by the German name “Wilhelm” as a child, that he felt German (and not English) and that he hated the name “William”. The surname Wolfson had been in the records since his military service. Since he wanted to register for military service in the event of war, he was seeking official certification. Only the change of the first name was approved. Nevertheless, he continued to call himself Wilhelm Wolfson.
From 1914 to 1918, Wolfson served as a staff doctor in World War I. He was not seriously injured and was able to continue his practice at the same place in Hamburg. His lawyer attests that he is highly regarded among doctors and in society. Wolfson was interested in history, as in 1912 he is listed as a subscriber to the multi-volume edition of the works of Frederick the Great.
In 1925, Wilhelm Wolfson’s entry in the list of “sunlamp doctors” of the Association of Health Insurance Doctors of Greater Hamburg is documented. The therapeutic use of quartz lamps with UV irradiation – popularly known as “sunlight” – had been in use for more than 20 years, primarily against skin tuberculosis. In the increasing urban areas of the large cities with poor living conditions and malnutrition, rickets in infants and children now occurred on a large scale. It is thanks to the pediatrician Kurt Huldschinsky, who documented his groundbreaking successful treatment of rickets with 2 months of UV irradiation in 1919, that he made it possible to combat rickets, which was a beneficial treatment at the time. As a result, health insurance companies took up the therapy and promoted prophylactic and therapeutic UV irradiation for children, also marketed as “light showers” and “light baths”. Many general practitioners also offered UV irradiation as a therapeutic service before oral vitamin D for children replaced irradiation as a rickets prophylaxis just a few years later.
Two (private?) ship journeys are documented: In August 1925, Wolfson traveled from Hamburg to Naples. In 1929, he traveled to New York on the SS Deutschland with the Hamburg-America Line.
After joining the Society for Digestive and Metabolic Diseases in 1930, Wilhelm Wolfson took part in the 11th meeting of the Society for Digestive and Metabolic Diseases in Vienna in 1932.
1933
The Hamburg medical committees were brought into line in April 1933. A list of all “non-Aryan” practicing physicians according to the definition at the time was published in September. Due to his participation in World War I and because he had already run a practice in Hamburg before 1914, Wolfson was able to retain his license as a health insurance physician. However, he moved his practice to the building next door and continued to offer his consultation hours there.
It can be assumed that Wilhelm Wolfson, like his colleagues, suffered greatly from the racist harassment and boycott measures. He considered emigrating to Italy, as at the end of 1935 he inquired at the German Clearing Office in Berlin about the possibility of transferring emigrant capital to Italy. In the summer of 1936, Wolfson traveled to Italy. From a correspondence between the Hamburg police and foreign exchange authorities and his lawyer in Hamburg, it emerges that Wilhelm Wolfson died in Rome on June 20, 1936. The circumstances of his death are unclear. His household and practice equipment were auctioned off by his lawyer as executor of his will.
The brother Max (1872-1942) and his wife Margarethe (1885-1942), née Cohn, were deported from Hamburg to Theresienstadt ghetto and murdered in Treblinka (Yad Vashem; Federal Archives Memorial Book). Stolpersteine commemorate them in Hamburg. The daughter was able to flee to the USA.
The brother Alfred (1871-1936) was a banker in Berlin and is buried in the Jewish cemetery in Berlin-Weissensee. His wife Irma, née David (*1885) was deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp in 1943 and murdered (Yad Vashem; Federal Archives Memorial Book).
The sister Else (1878-1916) had married Karl Neumark and lived in Bremen until her death. The siblings’ father, Leopold Wolfsohn, had already died in Graudenz in 1905. The mother then moved to her daughter in Bremen, where she died in 1914. Wilhelm Wolfson’s mother Rosalie and his sister Else found their final resting place in the Jewish cemetery in Bremen-Hastedt.
Acknowledgements
With gratitude to S. Pułkownik in Torun State archive (Archiwum panstwowe), Poland and A. Jung, Stadtarchiv Bad Nauheim for their kind and effective help retrieving important parts of Wilhelm Wolfsons life.
Article and translation by Prof. Irmtraut Koop, MD, Hamburg. As of 3.3.2025
Sources:
Staatsarchiv (State Archive) Hamburg:
314-15_FVg 4369 Wolfson, Wilhelm, Dr.
332-4_2473 Wolfsohn, William, Dr.med.
352-13_15 Karteikarten über jüdische Ärzte: M-Z, 1933-1946
Staatsarchiv (State Archive) Bremen:
4,24F –Schiffsakten der Seeschiffe
Archiwum panstwowe (State Archive) Torun, Polen
Stadtarchiv Bad Nauheim, Melderegister
Reichsmedizinalkalender 1901, 1903, 1904, 1931 (Wilhelm Wolfson)
Mitteilungen für die Hamburger Ärzte und Zahnärzte 1925, Nr.46
Ärzteblatt für Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein 28.9.1936
Hamburger Correspondent 23.9.1933
Literature:
Villiez, Anna v. Mit aller Kraft verdrängt. Entrechtung und Verfolgung „nicht arischer“ Ärzte in Hamburg 1933 bis 1945. Studien zur jüdischen Geschichte Band 11, München/Hamburg, Dölling und Galitz Verlag 2009, S.464-5
Kludas, Arnold. Die Seeschiffe des Norddeutschen Lloyd 1857-1970. Herford, Köhler Verlag 1991
Kuntz, Benjamin. Kurt Huldschinsky: „Licht statt Lebertran“. Mit Höhensonne gegen Rachitis. Jüdische Miniaturen. Band 282, Leipzig, Hentrich & Hentrich Verlag 2021
Weblinks
Ancestry.de / familysearch.org [ Wilhelm Wolfson, geb. 26.10.1875]
www.friedrich.uni-trier.de/de/volz/11/id/024000000/text/
https://collections.yadvashem.org/de/names/11658623
https://collections.yadvashem.org/de/names/11658621
https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/en1183625
https://collections.yadvashem.org/de/names/13986863









